Many industries generate their own power and use water to cool their generator. The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. The coal is stored in either dead storage or in live storage. In hydroelectric power plants the potential energy of water is utilized to produce electricity. Ppt hydro power plants powerpoint presentation free to. Lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. What are the flow circuits of a thermal power plant. This turbine is connected to a generator which generates electricity. Site selection for thermal power plants bright hub engineering.
There several important components of the hydroelectric power plant which we will go over in this brief and informative article. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant. This was the basic working principle of a thermal power station and its typical components. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro power plants, nuclear power plants, along with solar, wind and. Complete revision of hmt, rac, ic engines, material science and power plant for gate page 23. Most thermal power stations produce steam, and these are sometimes called steam power plants stations. About 65% of electricity consumed in india are generated by thermal power plants. Hydro water power plant definition of hydraulic turbines, overall efficiency, specific speed, classification of hydraulic turbines. Selecting a proper site for a thermal power plant is vital for its long term efficiency and a lot many factors come into play when deciding where to install the plant. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro power plants, nuclear power plants, along with solar, wind and geothermal energy power systems in addition to the direct energy conversion. Though each plant is unique in itself in terms of specific features and functionalities, still there is a broad outline to which all thermal power plants confirm to and in this article we will study about the general layout of a typical power plant. The course contains the details of steam and gas thermal power plants, hydro power plants, nuclear power plants, along with solar, wind and geothermal energy. Here is the access download page of power plant engineering nptel pdf, click this link to download or read online.
Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with. It is a flexible source of electricity and also the cost of electricity generation is. Hydropower plants range in size from small systems for a home or village to large projects producing electricity for utilities. Three main types of highhead power developments may be discerned. Ash handling options for coalfired power plants power. With an average life span of 50 to 100 years, hydropower projects are longterm investments that can benefit several generations. What is the working principle of thermal power plant. In the source or generation mode, it supplies power to the grid using the kinetic energy of the water as it falls from higherlake to lowerlake as would a typical reservoir plant. Mar 21, 2017 hydroelectric power plant as compared with thermal stations an hydroelectric power plant has little operating cost and if sufficient water is available to cater to peak loads and special conditions for application of these plants justify, power can be produced at a small cost. There are different types of thermal power plants based on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, and diesel. Lec 01 introduction to power plant engineering youtube. Energy scenario and basic concepts steam power plant cycle. Generally, bituminous coal or brown coal is used as fuel.
Ggf technical workshop on small hydro power financing hydropower arnsburgerstr. Thermal power plants boiler steam free 30day trial. Thermal power is the largest source of power in india. Electrical engineering nonconventional energy systems nptel. Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology. Hydroelectric power plant hydro energy is the energy generated by force of.
A thermal power plant works on the principle of rankine cycle 1. Pdf hydro power plants, an overview of the current types. The most important constitutive elements of reaction turbines are the following. Hydropower is a key tool for sustainable development. Site selection for thermal power plants bright hub.
When the ash storage pond at tennessee valley authoritys tvas kingston fossil plant in harriman, tenn. Electrical engineering department sanjay ghodawat polytechnic. Generation of electricity by hydropower potential energy in stored water is one of the cleanest methods of producing electric power. High head power plant medium head power plant low head power plant. Main types of high head power plant developments power plants operating under a head higher than 50 m may be termed as highhead power plants. Six important components of hydroelectric power plants. The sizes of hydropower plants are described below. Of course it may not be possible to get everything which is desirable at a single place but still the location should contain an optimum mix of the requirements for the settings to be feasible for long term economic.
Thermal power plant, free thermal power plant freeware software downloads. Valentini gas turbine power plants 9 mass flow rates and so this plant can be adopted on sites with low water availability. This course provides a simple understanding of the power plant engineering. In hydro electric plant, the cost of generation being free of fuel element. You can read online the giza power plant here in pdf, epub, mobi or docx formats introduction steam power plant. In the hydroelectric power generation, mechanical energy, in different forms kinetic, potential and pressure from flowing fluid, is converted into electricity with a water turbine and an alternator. Moharana, department of mechanical engineering, national institute of technology rourkela, rourkela. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated, this is known as a rankine cycle. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. The fuel is then fed to the boiler generating a large amount of combustion heat. May 2012 introduction to the specifics of small hydro power plants 01 june 2012. No transcript arrangement of a small hydropower plant. List the different types of components or systems used in steam or thermal.
A power station that is operating under heads less than. In case of high flow rates and relatively low hydraulic heads, it becomes impossible to. The fuel is transported from mines via trains to the fuel storage facility in a power plant. Hydroelectric power has played an important part in the development of this nations electric power industry. Design and construction of mini hydropower plant with propeller turbine, pp. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. In a coal based thermal power plant, coal is transported from coal mines to the generating station. Thermal and nuclear power generation cost estimates using. They can easily be upgraded to incorporate the latest technologies and have very low operation and maintenance costs. A steam can only attain a particular temperature at a particular pressure.
Modern power station practical, cegb, pergamon publisher, 1992. Power system generation, transmission and distribution encapsulated from. In a thermal power plant coil is burnt to produce high temperature and high pressure steam in a boiler. Seven ways to make a hydropower station a safer workplace. Kaplin turbines, francis turbines, pelton turbines. Hydroelectric dam 1 dam the dam is the most important component of. The hydrothermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue.
Not all thermal energy can be transformed into mechanical. In a thermal power station coal is burnt to produce steam which in turn, drives the steam turbine hence the generator turbo set. Hydro cyclone is used to separate the limestone slurry at the. Sep 07, 20 thermal power plants in thermal power plants, mechanical power is produced by a heat engine that transforms thermal energy, often from combustion of a fuel, into rotational energy. Water turbines are classified into 2 typesimpulse type. Hydroelectric power plant as compared with thermal stations an hydroelectric power plant has little operating cost and if sufficient water is available to cater to peak loads and special conditions for application of these plants justify, power can be produced at a small cost. The method stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation. Hydroelectric powerplants do not use up resources to create electricity nor do they pollute the air, land, or water, as other powerplants may. Get power plant engineering nptel pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. Pumpedstorage hydroelectricity psh, or pumped hydroelectric energy storage phes, is a type of hydroelectric energy storage used by electric power systems for load balancing. The steam is kept on heating till it becomes superheated. An increase in the optimum water temperature by industrial process steel factories, electric power houses and atomic power plants may be called as thermal pollution. Coal, gas, diesel and naphtha are called thermal resources and the plants that operate on them are known as thermal power plants tpps. The fuel transported to the plant is generally bigger in particle size and before it is fed to the boiler furnace it is broken down into smaller pieces using crushers.
One of the advantages of the closed turbine gas cycle is that the turbine stays clean because the combustion products do not pass through it. A practical thermal plant possess more complicated design and multiple stages of turbine such as high pressure turbine hpt, intermediate pressure turbine ipt and low pressure turbine lpt. Read online now power plant engineering nptel ebook pdf at our library. Lowcost surplus offpeak electric power is typically used to run the pumps. When designing and implementing a new hydropower scheme, or when upgrading an existing station, we need to carefully consider the required standard of workplace health and safety, and the scope of work necessary to achieve that standard.
The hydro thermal coordination of one hydro and one thermal power plant was used as an example to explain this issue. Hydroelectricity is the most widely used form of renewable energy. The turbine is located at the end of penstock from where the pressurized water strike the blades of turbine at high velocity making it to rotate. It is understood that even as renewable energy re will. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to. In 2012, hydroelectric power plants contributed about 16% of total electricity generation of the world. General layout and profile of a highhead diversion canal development the main parts of a high. This kind of hydro plant is a specialized reservoirtype plant which has capability to act as both a source and a sink of electric energy. Advantages of hydro electric power generation over thermal. Estimation of the water flow rate the water flow rate q can be estimated in different ways but a.
Thermal power station process flowchart and diagram. A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Flue gas desulphurization fgd plant 2 x 600 mw coal. The specification covers scope, design criteria, equipment features, quality. Oct 24, 2008 lecture series on energy resources and technology by prof. Flue gas desulfurization is a process of removing sulphur from flue gas of thermal power plant before it is released into the atmosphere. In the thermal power plants the thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy and from this machine the. Introduction to unit 1 introduction to power plants power plants structure 1. Unit 1 introduction to power plants introduction to. Power plant for gate and ese2021 topicmodern thermal power plant content of video.